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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”& X2 q3 v- M- ?. q
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:
, y( M, T0 g4 Z3 G* I! { “They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
8 _/ n8 Q+ P9 u6 x* p+ n' h3 b 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:
4 Z# h$ m. r: ]3 D9 { “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”5 ?$ H) D9 q* G0 m/ ~# {
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。
+ {" n9 `+ i( B2 [: f* q 现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。, Y* k6 w0 S" O, y9 y+ x: w1 k
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
, p1 T4 u, } J4 \' \ Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:
: s( [& L& ?- j ① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.& f8 t/ k9 G( W6 n2 ]
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology., T! q3 L# D. y
Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
' ~/ }' j# B- u But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:/ W( p5 u7 D' m" d$ j
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.3 U( G, A) @; D- u5 Y" d) f
④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.
4 T( i2 \! p' J& _) _) z Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:
9 Q; t7 n3 z( K+ g Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
9 u, u( h. [2 w1 J+ Q ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.& E6 L6 k5 S; l8 m; \: P* P+ L
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.+ w+ t6 p( _- l# f9 B/ s% o
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:$ T4 @* d' W, r' V4 C
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
r. i W. p @ ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.( w# [" o' `6 i9 K/ l! I
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.. D: E1 n5 D9 Q/ D
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:
& X( J" D8 G1 {( I For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:0 ^( ]0 k. W9 F! ^ U
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".6 G" }6 V# W* z) V
Ⅵ表示“结束”:
; h( v9 E, l! z$ r/ h To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
* E' I' I8 p9 e1 f4 z; { ⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
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