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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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# Z* s0 e @' `! H1 L" j4 N1 X; d! K “They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”1 ~: K) y. \) e) Q% N
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:
8 ]+ f+ y. T, e; B6 G “They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
4 `$ q+ p4 b0 Y! F/ F4 l; o 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:
' z' j1 x2 y9 f* W# y “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”. ]2 y" |3 w1 V7 v; j
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。7 T& h% H; @9 A7 s' _
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。$ s0 \5 b- C% W3 p& V) E
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思: i) F* s$ n8 O ~
Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:& r! A: }1 S8 V2 K0 [8 A
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.1 x1 K" z E5 K; L+ @
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.4 K, v' I/ ?" ~9 A
Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
5 T- L4 a# p+ I9 R h But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:2 ?/ m" n9 w+ m- k
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.0 H) f4 \: R% e4 ], ]9 I1 u z
④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.
{6 Q6 @5 i, n. b4 c/ Y( w& G Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:( j q7 f5 r5 n) Z9 r4 Z( m
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
8 b% r5 V2 m- ]; ?- K ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.; c y! s! G' E0 [+ @
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
! N8 H/ w* L4 a9 Z% X7 G Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
4 q- W+ Q7 B: s Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:! N$ H' z' P2 ], c t
⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.# f* G o' ^; _ U7 }
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.5 ^1 O( {: B' ^# Q2 S1 [% X$ Y
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:0 N. E5 G" w; C5 D" t! U
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:
, W# H* p/ E% L' D2 ~6 R. n( u ⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".% c, D* E. x: f) n( _( g
Ⅵ表示“结束”:
7 t& F8 f: l1 C: W3 U# K% C( O To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:8 K; M# b1 m+ [; E' z ]. n a: T
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.: M; l8 M% t: r( H1 z
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