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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁2 D8 |9 P& o6 s% C
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“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”! J5 ]$ F4 d) K+ H( I
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:
- E+ q; g) M3 f4 A& V “They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
! V, A M& l0 F. z0 o 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:
% C7 H: P3 c6 Q4 [' v. Z+ x% Y “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”
7 U) Q! @3 |1 a ~) p 不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。% B1 A8 p3 U# s+ ]
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。; q I, ~6 W: l {8 N' v( O
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
: M% S3 B* V9 h6 C Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:' f( |9 u% w9 _4 \. ^1 S$ c4 p
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.) p4 E: ?$ D' D! E
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
% h: c! f* W0 r% D' M! { Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
9 c& N( D+ K! a7 ?1 y( ~ But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:
- N+ c! `6 j/ i/ s4 ~' ^ ③ Jim is intelligent but lazy." Q' z; R* |4 d; E9 e6 {
④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.3 b/ n% u, z0 S
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:
: Q7 ^) i2 u7 P4 D& p9 r Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
3 L6 y7 t& G, o4 } ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.* d" T7 m& u: e+ d* \3 G8 b- s
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
; f2 `* q4 k2 d9 |; | Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
9 \+ \+ G& K6 n7 ^# p* e" I Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
# I) o! x# c0 T0 V/ _ ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
0 Q2 M1 s) M0 D0 Y/ d ⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.9 ~5 N0 ?! |7 i) b: l1 G
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:" Z7 o1 X. B8 W
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:3 S- K* ?& k' q5 I
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".4 z6 l; g8 L3 F: E, h/ \
Ⅵ表示“结束”:
1 Q* {* v+ u, S3 o To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
, i- q. V6 a! g/ o m ⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
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