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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”+ _# a, b- Q" Q8 a4 w! V& m
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:" Z; d7 z9 z9 v4 h2 a- J
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
% R+ z/ |7 v9 ?2 c. {- J/ j2 A 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:2 }% T( ~( l# ]7 ^0 s4 g
“They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”! w. y p/ k8 B; e2 A8 F) v3 g
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。
. g* V. I+ m. B) f6 ^ r* A 现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。2 j4 a! q$ m4 S/ W0 U6 n9 n
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
$ [) f, n# T! a, N. }+ H Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:
! P( _" E& J" V" P ① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.6 o# p$ {2 M' F' k! K) i
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.! ?2 u2 U- T0 d3 h
Ⅱ表示“反意见”:" V) d S6 ^$ s, c* V
But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:
0 @! g, L3 v: l. r ③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
+ N/ H3 d+ T9 ^! }) d ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.
; P: q' w( @5 i: A: E. f Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:
# r/ E" H8 q3 Z% J Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
! x7 _" M% j5 j1 w/ k ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.6 p( e F6 ^2 ~
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.6 W1 ?8 a) i2 P; O* w0 U8 e
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:7 `; a2 |: U: |7 D7 [4 k0 J) p
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:! A1 r/ c4 { k! l6 j, b, S
⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
" g F' s& n& T! `8 ?1 G0 c1 v ⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.2 b. J. N; K1 x3 u9 j Z; {
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:
. p, i& {9 ^# L3 U/ @+ s4 e4 _) m For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:
! D/ Y5 k; v B2 x# c# [/ g0 N ⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".& s2 U) \& l) p! L/ t3 P; z' B
Ⅵ表示“结束”:
/ N$ d2 l0 D" `1 n X To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:* Z" L' Y. Z; t, T6 k; N n
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not. L+ j; W. p# i5 e
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