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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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. f+ {5 l: E1 Y6 R1 v- Y4 ^ “They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”4 U/ C7 W4 c- b: w/ G$ G
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:
1 A, _* U, v' h. L8 J: H) W; E “They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”- W" @- T, U' o/ [. _- ^
不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:* }* G& [- b2 `. q' Q$ E/ N8 E
“They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”' {/ ^$ J* [$ R7 S ^$ r8 I
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。% K5 V/ U" }; b; t/ D+ ?$ P
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。. Y. s T0 U8 l6 Y
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
2 ?( T, N! g$ X4 y* w Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:
8 e, p$ P( d8 H ① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.) \! d# n1 Z4 G
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
. m" J. M- l5 Z0 O1 e2 I Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
4 I6 [2 W% o: N; j: F) B But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:0 S) S3 v" a: n" r& n+ @1 m8 C
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
2 R( r7 A j! S: i) r ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.
# C5 h! u- I& }) {$ R7 g Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:
4 i7 e0 F& m# C6 W! |6 i Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:! d* V" V, n8 Q4 ~, r h/ k2 V
⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.
0 s6 u& M# a9 N% U3 y2 }. ?! F6 v ⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
2 ?8 R& W& v. | Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
9 Q9 M8 V2 N& { @4 V$ F Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
0 e2 O$ u8 ~: R ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.4 g5 ?: B' U/ W+ |4 H& U: L
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.* k; Y! { V3 U
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:
0 o0 `- n) A; ^6 b2 \5 L For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:8 F- C) o. G, ~( t& ?" O
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
) E; \8 z- H1 [9 o% _3 f' W( e Ⅵ表示“结束”:. h/ n1 A+ n& H, @" V) ?9 U y, k2 H7 v
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:- [1 V+ F( j0 J q
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
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