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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁4 S7 w- D4 @5 \/ s/ K* N8 _
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“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”
2 l; T; {) n1 ]2 ] 上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:) w9 P+ D( N7 E
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
/ G8 t# L& M/ z7 m9 g. M$ B! Y 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:
* f: R5 n* k$ d3 ^ “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”% z6 x+ h* }, K6 p. l$ M
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。, J, X0 p i0 ?$ m1 \4 N
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。4 s4 x; B5 l% u; [4 A
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
. o |- u6 n: m+ S7 U8 B# n J# V% ~ Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:" N0 G/ o/ X0 M' R q
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.
3 I! I! E" B2 n! [6 |8 X ② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
7 y2 L+ W" c4 n5 ? Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
$ e$ m Z9 J2 @+ }7 C) S) I% Y7 ? But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:$ R* k0 ^# n9 f- z. L2 @
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.8 Y+ z9 Z% X% b1 C6 q0 t
④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.6 `: Y: g( N K+ A0 t
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:
/ i0 v, X0 H% I9 @% X Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
0 L& B8 R4 A; B* g' C ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.
7 [2 f4 ?: t8 B; j ⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.6 l$ V* r7 \# r' ]. T2 @
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
7 {8 X# K9 C! V1 I7 z8 B: B0 f( @) L Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:8 z9 P6 {; X v! a! I
⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
. J* U3 M- i( L ⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.
5 U0 T$ J2 s$ _% Z3 O: D. Y3 z Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:
& m O) v' p- h3 m For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:# R( R* Q* ~4 \2 _- G: v( P; t
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".% _0 Y- c# L& x. V0 W" F& b
Ⅵ表示“结束”:* x- \, {1 w/ a( f: [
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
4 P2 D) [" I- C: }, \ t ⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
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