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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁/ w' {! |, o z+ ^- a& i
/ t+ Z! ?( f' [8 G' |, G “They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”
9 a* U/ ~9 y; S 上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:' U7 k# ], N& k( A
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
+ p4 X {- Y% f) k- d | 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:" a' _& Z- v1 C$ O* a$ @
“They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”
) l7 {- |4 u! B7 p( A 不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。
0 a1 }% v; ]" G+ Y. @0 k 现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。* j B$ p# j+ w$ D+ m
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
2 H% M8 H) ^; a4 G$ P9 s5 j Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:! @$ w/ T/ s9 b- W8 H' A
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.- S1 `: M; Q8 U! h( M6 A
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
: E3 B2 ^0 `1 t4 t+ W' M Ⅱ表示“反意见”:* O' p8 t* M0 E5 I& Z& _0 r. o
But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:- X) P4 e) ]' T5 G7 b/ n# X3 K
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
" u0 T; M, q; h% t$ Y# H# x$ M ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.' L' D1 {/ K5 N5 `
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:4 d! L& d* d7 l5 N8 h- v+ p5 c; r
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
4 D2 ]- ~, b Z' `- } ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.4 v" x- Y; J/ S$ J3 a
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
- i; c/ T8 u% m6 N! X$ _ Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
$ ^! j d, t) C Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:# a' a% a$ V; g$ L' i, f2 E
⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
2 o. o/ x) @% e& e% h ⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.6 A( R# J8 V) B
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:: t6 n+ h8 k+ Y8 w. @8 r
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:" o- H2 J9 p! F9 m8 f' g! P
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
8 X2 K. T# u- `+ J0 D3 a Ⅵ表示“结束”:4 k2 S( U* ?* x
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
% N* n0 G% Y- V) Y9 g& U ⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.) G% Y& D( O# p- t* w( f0 v" w
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