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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”
1 x, |! n+ A" L. c K 上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:, L0 B6 B: c3 b2 P, ?5 x
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”$ B' Y3 J7 ?. C1 n& E
不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:
' a' T; [4 m# ?( V Z1 B n" G “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”
- j7 H- g: J3 p" B2 i) R! ]3 y9 { 不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。
, I4 S8 J9 o2 A2 y! r 现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。. [3 h1 p4 I. _5 c/ O9 w r9 y. e
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:- D8 s: u7 a. I. W; o n# w+ h: N
Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:6 o" N$ h1 @# R8 c8 ^
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.1 X1 y* E# U) i2 ^, ]5 f9 ^) {
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
5 ~ S& g0 k% n. e" y Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
; T+ E3 t. X# A" s% \ But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:" _8 ^7 \0 p! Q& a& s! j* e
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
- P: d! E/ ~& e4 { ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.0 U( A- H. U, u6 W. u# Q
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:
; l1 B' H# n3 S+ E5 F; F" J7 Y Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:7 ]5 x1 A# I- h- q
⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.$ h( N. Y, ~6 F# H9 `
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
- x" j0 D* t( q2 ] Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
2 d# p) s+ J& Y, ?1 c Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
^- J! L4 g% E% ] ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.5 Z9 J) u( C; \% s) u/ Y3 ^
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.# `/ ]( w5 N* f. n" @" m
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:: y9 {" g! i" J" y7 g8 ~
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:4 y! h* D/ ?; V% {
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".+ @: r9 x& J- e, {/ K/ ~5 h
Ⅵ表示“结束”:; y0 F8 n- z0 a+ A( v# W* ~ B
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:5 H0 s* `. W$ q8 \" D8 F' \
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.! a% `1 w% F3 W; O& P& c; q
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