Comparative Adjective & Superlative Adjective 比較級與最高級形容詞

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"Comparative Adjectives" and "Superlative Adjectives" are adjectives which help us to compare the nouns we describe.
「比較級形容詞」和「最高級形容詞」是幫助我們比較我們在形容的名詞 (即人物、地方或東西)。

* @: G/ j: ?5 O9 \, T5 DFor example 例如:
Peter is 170 cm tall. Tom is 175 cm. Ben is 180 cm tall.
Peter is tall.
( b/ ?+ g" {$ A1 VTom is taller than Peter.
Ben is the tallest of all.
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The adjective "taller" shows a higher degree.
"taller"形容一個比較大的程度 (即「較高的」)。
The adjective "tallest" shows the highest degree.
"tallest" 表示最高級的程度 (即「最高的」)。
8 m1 U) [' x. B2 [# c(Note: When we use the superlative adjectives, there must be at least 3 people/objects for comparisons. 作最高級的程度比較時，所比較的人物/事物的數量最少要有3個。)

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(1) Comparative Adjective
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(a) Adding "-er" at the end
For 1-syllable adjectives (一個音節形容詞):
. C$ e7 |; P: {) f7 [' Je.g. old > older, small > smaller
% L5 W+ p. G- Z3 L2 d# dFor 2-syllable adjectives ending in "-y" (「y」字尾的兩個音節形容詞):
$ ]- J+ n+ a, J6 Ie.g. pretty > prettier, heavy > heavier
. @6 L; S  t% t5 G8 M(Note: "y" at the end has to change to "i" 最後的「y」字要轉為「i」)

% X' g7 F# K" p& y2 c* n (a) Adding "more"
; B( U1 i" A  w( y' h( o4 c, l2 jFor 2-syllable adjectives not ending in "-y" (非「y」字尾的兩個音節形容詞):
e.g. careful > more careful, modern > more modern
For all 3-syllable adjectives (所有三個音節形容詞):
/ ]/ j$ t! V& F6 i. K- pe.g. beautiful > more beautiful, expensive > more expensive
6 F3 Z* ?' _$ |1 q+ p7 VExclusion 例外：
- l1 Q! n: f( S) }6 Se.g. clever > cleverer, narrow > narrower

(c) Adding "than"
We add "than" after the comparative adjective when the two persons or objects we are comparing have shown in the same sentence.
當我們正在比較的兩個人物或事物出現在同一句子時，我們會在比較級形容詞後加上 "than" 這字。
e.g. Dad is the taller than Mum.
& E- [7 n6 i2 l" E- d, _5 ~e.g. Hong Kong is more prosperous than Macau.
$ ]$ Q7 u* t; U) Ze.g. Who is younger? Ann is younger. (Note: "than" is not needed here. 這裡不需加上"than"。)


3 F* ]; n: ?/ v (2) Superlative Adjective
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- T( m8 O% J" t! K$ U- x (a) Adding "-est" at the end
For 1-syllable adjectives (一個音節形容詞):
e.g. old > oldest, small > smallest
For 2-syllable adjectives ending in "-y" (「y」字尾的兩個音節形容詞):
+ m+ k& U2 z  v7 ge.g. pretty > prettiest, heavy > heaviest
' X- B) `$ T( X/ J0 k(Note: "y" at the end has to change to "i" 最後的「y」字要轉為「i」)
- D7 k; z+ l; b- X$ K% [: R( V
' B. ~1 e7 W  s (a) Adding "most"
For 2-syllable adjectives not ending in "-y" (非「y」字尾的兩個音節形容詞):
e.g. careful > most careful, modern > most modern
For all 3-syllable adjectives (所有三個音節形容詞):
e.g. beautiful > most beautiful, expensive > most expensive
, C1 _2 S8 Q! E0 T1 B: z0 h4 cExclusion 例外：
e.g. clever > cleverest, narrow > narrowest

(c) Adding "the"
When we use the superlative adjective, we add "the" before the adjective.
3 }& y& ~+ B) X/ V0 P: ~+ J5 `9 F使用最高級形容詞時，我們會在形容詞前加上 "the" 這字。
e.g. Ben is the tallest in our class.
e.g. Hong Kong is the most prosperous city in Asia.
e.g. Ann is my youngest sister. (Note: "the" is not needed here. 這裡不需加上"the"。)
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(3) Special Variations of Adjectives 形容詞的特別變化
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For some adjectives, the "comparative adjectives" and the "superlative adjectives" are completely different from the original words. They are not ending in "er" or "est", or adding "more" or "most" in the front.
有一些形容詞，它們的「比較級形容詞」和「最高級形容詞」是完全另外一個字， 而非在形容詞最後加上"er" 或 "est"，也不是在前方加上"more" 或 "most"。
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: p& O) t0 H% sFor example例如：
good > better > best
& I+ U# Y; F5 V5 J. ubad > worse > worst