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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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; ~4 F( O4 S8 n, c- A( k5 J* }' d “They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”5 c) R2 V! `8 X% I. E: D. j+ s
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:3 L: n- s7 [+ ?7 }+ |" L6 [. d6 \
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
% i! I8 r; i G; I6 G6 r 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:
% p" U2 C, p/ L$ F8 k6 E/ W “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”
2 s2 E: l8 D7 e9 ?' z 不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。
$ }" d' n4 y p! v! L# f 现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。
0 H$ u A6 s. z1 T8 M0 X1 }" T Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
1 u2 D X9 H f( ?) G Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:
# O0 V2 n5 A0 D# f* M ① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.
8 Q. b: ^5 o1 \& X+ N ② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
; d! g) W) [: v n: d Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
& ~6 L- f1 j1 e8 h0 S9 x But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:& t" w& z9 {- O+ D* H5 j* D
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
( J; q, G1 ?. [2 n. J: L4 h ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.0 |5 f% j' t4 R) D+ f* e& g# q
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”: g. Q: p' N7 P7 M: ]+ v4 Y Y) V% D7 g, o
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
0 k: f! R( ^- D# q6 V+ j ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.( a/ Q' s& T% G8 @
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
q: U% _: |1 w9 D Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:$ O; x4 d2 c6 V! l1 W
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
, [4 {1 \* ^! V# `" l3 ~8 C) p ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.; U6 O1 m- }. T' v. i- H
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class./ d1 p0 I- D. Q/ w, A, ]* E
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:
) W& A" o' q2 | For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:! j/ I1 i8 F" T6 \
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
+ j7 T1 |$ y* A: N } Ⅵ表示“结束”:
, l' ^' P( m2 x- } }* Y To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:$ N9 d/ o! `; H# \& m
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
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